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L1T FM Holdings UK Ltd, R (on the application of) & Anor v Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office

23 February 2024
[2024] EWHC 386 (Admin)
High Court
The government had to give some secret documents to the claimants in a court case. They blacked out parts, but made the documents look complete. The judge said this was misleading, but the government fixed it. The judge also said that not all civil servant names need to be secret, but some very important spy names must stay secret.

Key Facts

  • Judicial review of a decision by the Secretary of State to order the sale of a shareholding under the National Security Investment Act 2021.
  • Closed material procedure (CMP) used under the Justice and Security Act 2013.
  • Dispute over the form of open disclosure of documents containing redacted and summarized closed material.
  • Application to redact civil servant names, not on national security grounds.
  • Application to redact names of GCHQ and NCA officers to protect national security.

Legal Principles

Open disclosure of documents in a CMP must avoid disclosing material damaging to national security (CPR 82.14(10) and section 8(1)(c) of the 2013 Act).

CPR 82.14(10), section 8(1)(c) of the Justice and Security Act 2013

Redaction of civil servant names is not permitted as a matter of course; good reason is required (R(IAB) v Secretary of State for the Home Department).

R(IAB) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2023] EWHC 2930 (Admin), [2024] EWCA Civ 66

Outcomes

The Secretary of State's approach to open disclosure (presenting redacted documents as if complete) was inappropriate but ultimately remedied.

The original presentation risked misleading claimants. While the court approved the remedial steps taken, it clarified that future cases should utilize plain paper versions of documents with clear labeling of redactions and summaries.

The application to redact all civil servant names except those in the Senior Civil Service was refused.

The Secretary of State failed to provide specific national security reasons for redacting junior civil servant names beyond a general assertion.

The application to redact the names of GCHQ and NCA officers was granted.

The Secretary of State provided sufficient evidence demonstrating the risk to national security from disclosing these names.

No general requirement for marginal notes indicating redactions or summaries in open documents; however, such annotations are appropriate where they don't compromise national security.

Balancing the need to avoid misleading claimants with the protection of national security interests. A general endorsement on the document is often sufficient, marginal notes only needed in exceptional circumstances.

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